Spreader



Feb. 18, 71936. 1 G. POWELL 2,031,502

ELECTRICAL CONTROLLER Filed Sept. 28, 1955 V 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 I I v ITuJ'enGr P L j 2222:; 472M)! Filed Sept. 28, 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Feb. 18, 1936.

E. e. PQWELL ELECTRICAL CONTROLLER 7 Filed Sept. 28, 1933 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Irufen or FZI/Zz's @fiu/Z Patented Feb. 18, 1936 ELECTRICAL CONTROLLER Ellis G. Powell, Michigan City, Ind., assignor to C. A. Dunham Company, Marshalltown, Iowa,

a corporation of Iowa Application September 28, 1933, Serial No. 691,304

9 Claims. (Cl. 200-83) This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in an electrical controller, and more particularly to an improved pressure-perated device for making and breaking an elec- .tric circuit, or a plurality of circuits, the device embodying a pressure operated circuit-breaker capablepf fine adjustment and requiring a minimum of power for its operation, the circuit breaker in turn controlling an electrically actuated relay which opens and closes the main circuit or circuits to be controlled.

While this improved electrical controller may be adapted for a multiplicity of uses, as will be hereinafter apparent, it has been designed especially for use in a heating system of the differential vacuum type in which a predetermined substahtially constant pressure difference is to be maintained between two different portions of the pipingsystem. For example, a certain pressure (usually subatmospheric) is maintained within the radiators, in accordance with the heat output desired therefrom, and the pressure within the return pipe is maintained lower by a predetermined difference so as to assure the evacuation of non-condensable gases and condensate from the radiators when the steam traps open, A heating system of this type is disclosed and claimed in the patent to Dunl'iam, 1,644,114, granted October 4, 1927. In order to maintain this pres- 30 sure differential, an exhausting apparatus connected with the return pipe of the heating'system is put into or out of operation intermittently, the electrical operating circuit for actuating the exhauster being completed when the pressure differential falls below a predetermined minimum, and the circuit being broken when this pressure diiferential rises above a predetermined maximum. The controllers usually employed for automatically effecting this operation of the exhausting mechanism include a pair of opposed pressure chambers connected respectively with the supply and return sides 01 the heating system, the chambers being separated by a diaphragm or a plurality of diaph'ragms which are warped in one direction or the other in accordance with the difference in pressure existing between the two chambers. This movement 01' the diaphragm or diaphragms is employedto furnish the power which actuates a snap-switch mechanism for mak'ng and breaking the operating circuit for the exhauster. This type of controller is open to the disadvantage that it is cumbersome, comparatively inconvenient to install, and is not capable oi close-range adjustment. The diaphragms must be made of excessive size to provide sufllcient energy to operate the quick make and break switch mechanism, and even when made of suflicient size the desired sensitiveness of operation is not available owing to the lost motion that is necessary in order to operate the snap switch.

Briefly described, the present improved controller embodies a pair of opposed pressure chambers which are comparatively small and which are completely closed, thus requiring no packings about moving parts. The relative movement of 10 the two diaphragms, caused by changes in the pressure diiferential, operates the movable contact member of a circuit breaker which makes 'and'breaks the control circuit for an electrically actuated relay which in turn controls the main 15 actuating circuit for the exhausting mechanism. The contacts of the circuit breaker may be accurately adjusted so as to determine the range or sensitiveness of the instrument, that is the variations in either direction that are permitted from the predetermined pressure differential. Means is also provided for accurately determining the pressure differential to be maintained.

The principal object of this invention is to provide an improved electrical controller 01 the' type briefly described hereinabove and disclosed more in detail in the specifications which follow.

Another object is to provide an improved differential pressure controller which enables a quick make and break operation to be obtained from a minimum of energy supplied from the pressure-operated mechanism.-

Another object is to provide an improved differential pressure controller which can be readily adjusted for either high or low differentials, and

. in which the range of variation from the predetermined differential can be very accurately adjusted within small limits.

Another object is to provide, in a controller 01' this type, a self-draining pressure-operated bel- 40 lows mechanism.

Another object is to provide, in a mechanism of this type, a pair of cooperating opposed bellows mechanisms connected by an interposed stem which need not be rigidly connected with the respective bellows'in order to transmit th power derived therefrom.

Another object is to provide such a bellows mechanism requiring a minimum of expansion and contraction movements and provided with stops to limit this movement.

Another object is to provide an electrical controller of this type which is easy to install and capable of use with a variety of operating circuits. 56

troller as connectedin the piping of ting the normal at its outer end by Other objects and advantages of this invention will be more apparent from the following detailed description of certain approved forms of apparatus constructed and operating according to the principles of this invention.

In the accompanying drawings: g

Fig. 1 is a top or plan view showing the cona heating system. p 3 v Fig. 2 is a front elevation ofthe assembly shown in Fig. l, the cover of the controller casing being removed to show the parts assembled therein.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section; on a larger scale,

the view being taken substantially on the line 33 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a vertical section throughthe upper portion of the controller, the view being taken substantially on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3.

I Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. [4 showing a modified form of circuit-breaker.

Fig. 6 is a wiring diagram showing the controller connected with one type of circuit to 'be controlled.

The controller comprises, in general, a casing A which supports and encloses the various portions of the device. a pair of similar pressureoperated units 13 and C, an interposed mechanism D actuated by the members B and C in response to variations in the pressure differences between these members, a balancing device E for oilset- 'diiierence in pressure exerted by the members B and C, a circuit breaker F actuated by the mechanism D, a relay G controlled by the circuit breaker F, and a main switch H for cutting on or oi? the power connection to the controller.

The casing A comprises top and 2, side walls 3 and 4, and a rear wall which the members B, C, G and H are attached, the devices F and E being suspended from the assembly consisting of members B, C and D. The front of the casing is normally closed by a door 5 hinged at 1 to flanges 8 extending at one side and bottom walls I from the top and bottom plates l and 2.

The pressure-operated unit C comprises a casing 9 of generally hollow cylindrical form, closed the wall Ill and open at its inner end. This casing is supported by a bracket extension |l secured at l2 to the rear wall 5 of casing A. An annular flange l3is formed around the open inner end of the casing, the closure plate l4 which is formed as a portion of the intermeprovided at the other end with an outstanding diate spacing member D being secured to flange l3 by the bolts l5. The flexible diaphragm I5 is in the form of a corrugated metallic bellows which is closed at one end by the wall l1 and is annular flange l8 which is clamped between the flange l3 and the closure plate l4. The bellows is thus housed within the casing 9 and supported at one end by the flange IS. The inner end of the bellows is supported by the operating stem, as hereinafter described. A permanently closed pressure chamber is formed within casing 3, this chamber comprising the annular space I! around the bellows IS, the space between. the inner end of the bellows and the outer wall Ill of the casing, and the well 2| which is formed in the lower portion of the casing as a downward extension of the cylindrical space within which the bellows is housed. This well 2| is for the purpose of collecting such condensate as may form within the pressure chamber. The pipe 22 which supplies the fluid under pressure to the ated unit B is in all respects the same as the unit C just described except for the fact that the parts thereof are oppositely disposed, and this "unit B is not provided with a bracket 24. The corresponding parts of unit B are indicated by primed reference characters.

Referring now'more particularly to Figs. 1 and 2, at 25 is indicated a portion of the steam-supply'pipe, or the pipe containing'fluid under the higher pressure, and at 26 is indicated a portion of the return pipe, or the pipe containing fluids under the lower pressure.

the nipple 23 The pressure pipe 22- leads into a T-fltting 21 from which a pipe 28 leads downwardly into communication with high pressure pipe 25. pipe 29 leading from the unit B connects. into 'a T-fltting 30 from which vertical pipe 3| leads downwardly into the low pressure pipe 26. This arrangementwill permit any liquids which collect in the units B and C to drain out from the wells 2| and 2| through these pipe connections into the respective high and low pressure pipes.

As is usual in systems of this type, an equalizing pipe 32 maybe connected between the two -fittings 21 and 3|), this pipe connection 32 includinga normally open cut-off valve 33, and a one- 'way valve 34 which opens only towards the high sure in the normally high pressure pipe 25 valve 34 will open to permit an equalizing of the pressures.

Referring now to mediate member D comprises plates l4 are integrally connected by a plurality. of spacing struts indicated at 35 and 36. A conical web 31 projects from closure plate |4 into the interior of bellows l6 and is formed at its outer end with a slide bearing 33 in which is mounted one end portion of the operatingstem 39. A similar web 31' projects into bellows l6 and is formed with a slide bearing for supporting the other end portion of stem 39. A plurality of openings are formed in the webs 31 and 31' so that the interior of the bellows diaphragms will always be under atmospheric pressure. A head member 4| abuts against the end wall ll of bellows I6 and may be held in place thereagainst by an intumed portion 42 of the bellows structure. The adjacent end portion oi stem 39 is threaded at 43 into a stud or stem 44 projecting inwa' dly from head 4|. A similar head structure 4| is secured to the opposite end of stem 39 and engages the outer end of bellows diaphragm H. I

It will now be apparent that the connecting stem 39 joins the two bellows diaphragms so that they will operate as a unit, and if the pressure in chamber I3 is higher than the pressure in chamber I! there will be a tendency for the bellows I6 to contract or move toward the left. and for the bellows IE to expand and also move toward the left. It will'be noted that the stud 44 is of greater diameter than stem 33 so 'asto provide a shoulder and I4, previously-referred to, which.

In an exactly similar manner,

at the inner end of the stud which will engage the end of web 31 to limit the compression of thebellows diaphragm l6. Also the end wall I! of the bellows is positioned quite closely adjacent the forked end 48 of this lever is provided with slots 49 which engage about the opposite end portions of a pin 50 mounted in the central portion of stem 39, It will thus be apparent that longi-, tudlnal movements of the stem 39 will impart rocking movements to the lever 46.

The balancing device E comprises a compression spring 5| which engages atone end against the collar 52 of an abutment member formed on one side with a cylindrical centering lug 53 which projects within the end portion ofspring 5|, and formed on the other side with a stem 54 terminating in a conically pointed end portion 55 which has a rocking bearing within an opening 56 formed in one side of lever 46. A threaded stem 51 is fixed at one end within the bracket 24 projecting downwardly from casing 9. A knurled nut 58 threaded on stem 51 is formed with an outstanding collar 59 against which the opposite end of spring 5| abuts, and a cylindrical centering lug 60 which projects into the adjacent endportion of the spring. The nut 58 is held in adjusted position by lock nut 6|.

Since normally a higher pressure will exist in unit 0 than in unit B, there will be a tendency for the bellows diaphragms to be moved toward the left thus causing a corresponding movement of stem 39 and consequently swinging the lower arm of lever 46 toward the right, or in a counter clockwise direction. On the other hand, the compressed spring 5| tends to swing lever 46 toward the left or in a clockwise direction. It will thus beseen that the spring 5| tends to offset or balance the force applied to lever 46 by the difference in pressure existing between the two pressure units C and B. The spring 5| should be adjusted so that the lever 46 will be held in a central or vertical position when the desired pressure differential exists between the high and low pressure chambers. For example, supposing it is desired to maintain a constant pre sure difference of two pounds per square inch between the high and low pressure sides of the heating system, spring 5| will be so adjusted that when this pressure difierence exists the spring will just offset the force applied to stem 39 by this pressure difference and the lever 46 will remain in' a central or vertical position. By suitably adjusting the position of nut 58, the device can be adjusted to maintain any desired pressure differential (within suitable limits) between the high and low pressure systems to which the respective units C and B are connected. An index plate indicated at 62 and supported by bracket 24 may be calibrated to show the proper positioning of nut 58 in order to maintain the desired pressure differential.

The circuit breaker F comprises a supporting plate of insulating material 63 which is mounted on the bracket arms 64 projecting downwardly pressure differential.

nism will continue to operate until movable confrom spacing member D. On this supporting plate 63 are mounted three terminal plates 65,- 66 and .61 provided respectively with binding posts 68, 69 and 16 to which the wires II, 'I and I3of certain control circuits are connected. A screw I4 is threaded in a bracket arm I6 formed on terminal plate 65, the screw being held in adjusted position by lock nut I6. The inner end 'I'I of screw 14 forms one adjustably fixed contact of the circuit breaker. A similar screw 18, adjustably mounted in the same manner in terminal plate 61, forms at its inner end the second fixed'contact 19 of the circuit breaker. A movable contact member 98 is supported by a bar of insulating material 8| on the lower end of lever 46, this movable contact 89 being connected through flexible wire 82 (see Fig. 3) with the central terminal plate 66. It will now be apparent that when lever 46 swings in one direction (as shown in Fig. 4) so as to bring movable contact into engagement with fixed contact 71 a circuit will be completed between the wires H and 12. When lever 46 is swung in the other direction so as to bring movable contact 80 into engagement with fixed contact 19, the first mentioned circuit will be broken but another circuit will be completed between wires 12 and I9. As will be hereinafter disclosed, when movable contact 89 engages fixed contact ll the relay G will be caused to function to complete an operating circuit so that the exhausting mechanism will function to lower the pressure in the low pressure side of the system, thus increasing the The exhausting mechatact 8|| has engaged the other fixed contact 19, at which time the relay will function to stop the exhausting mechanism. By adjusting the positions of the contact screws 14 and 18, and thus increasing or decreasing the distance between contacts 11 and 19, the sensitiveness of the device may be controlled, that is the variations that are permitted from the predetermined pressure differential may be limited.

The relay G comprises a supporting member 83 secured against the rear wall 5 of casing A and carrying the main coil 84 of the relay. The pivoted armature member 65 carries a contact plate 86 which, when the coil 84 is energized, will be swung into engagement with a pair of fixed contact members 81 and 68 thus completing a main operating circuit. Also included in the relay unit are a pair of resistances 89 and 90, the

functionsof which will be hereinafter apparent.

The wiring connections to relay G will be hereinafter disclosed in detail in connection with Fig. 6, but it may be here stated that the control wires 1|, l2 and 13 already referred to extend from circuit breaker F to the relay unit G,

and wires 9|, 92and 93 extend. from the relay to the main cut-out switch H. The outgoing circuit wires 93', 94 and 95 through which the electrical controller is supplied with power and is connected with the mechanism to be controlled are enclosed in cable 96 which extends through an opening in the lower wall 2 of easing A, and are connected into the switch H.

In Fig. 6 is illustrated a wiring diagram for wire 93, switch H, wire 95, switch I93,.and negative main 99. When this circuit is broken at the relay the motor 91 will stop. With switch I93 open, the motor 91 may be operated continuously by closing switch I95 which completes a circuit between wires I94 and 99 through wire I91, switch I95 and wire I99. At I98 isindicated a float-controlled switch adapted to separately energize the motor 91 at intervals when it is necessary to remove condensate from a collection receptacle. When switch I98 is closed, the motor energizing circuit is as follows: From positive main 98 through motor 91, wire I94, wire I99, switch I98, wire H9 to negative main 99.

The third wire 93' leading into cut-out switch H of the electrical controller and connecting with wire 9I' extends directly from the positive main 93. Assuming now that the pressure differential has decreased so as to cause the movable contact 89 of circuit breaker F to move into engagement with fixed contact 11, a control circuit for energizing the relay coil 84 will be completed as follows: From positive wire 9I through wire III,

relay coil 84, wire H2, wire 12, wire 82, movable contact 89, fixed contact 11, wire 1I, wire II3, fixed relay contact 88, and thence to negative main 93. The relay coil 84 will now be energized to cause the contact plate to be moved into engagement with fixed contacts 81 and 88 and complete the circuit for actuating'motor 91, as already described. A second holding circuit for energizing the coil 84 will also now be completed as follows: From positive main 9| through wire III, coil 84, wire 2, wire 4; resistance 89, wire II5, relay contacts 81, 89 and 88, and negative main 93. This last circuit will remain closed even after the movable contact 89 has swung out of engagement with fixed contact 11 so as to break the first mentioned energizing circuit. When the movable contact 89 swings into engagement with fixed contact 19 (which will occur when the maximum pressure difierential has been established) a'shunt circuit for deenergizing the coil 84 will be completed as follows: From wire 9| through wire IIG, resistance 99, wire I I1, wire 13, fixed contact 19, movable contact 89, wire 92, wire 12, wire II4, resistance 89,.wire H5. relay contacts 81, 86 and 88, and negative main 93. This shunt circuit will deenergize the coil 84 so as to permit the bridging contact 88 to swing out of engagement with fixed contacts 81 and 88 thus breaking the last mentioned operating circuits as well as the main actuating circuit for motor- 91. The motor will now remain deenergized until movable contact 89 has again swung toward the left into engagemerit with fixed contact 11 whereupon the motor will again be started and will remain in operation until movable contact 89 has again engaged with fixed contact 19.

By suitably connecting up the wires 93, 94 and leading to the controller, this device can be operated either from a direct current system as here shown, or from an alternating current system.

It will now be seen that as long asthe desired pressure differential is established,,the operating lever'46 will remain in a neutral vertical position with the circuit breaker contact 89 out of engagement with either of the fixed contacts 11 and 19, the difference in the pressure forcesv exerted on the two bellows diaphragms being just balanced by the adjustable spring device E. Any.

drop in this pressure differential will cause the movable contact 89 to be swung into engagement with the fixed contact 11, only sufficientpressure force being required to move the stem 39 and swing the lever 46. By adjusting the screws 14 and 18 the distance the movable contact 99 must move in order to engage one or the other of these contacts can be varied as desired so that the instrument may be 'made quite sensitive, that is the least possible variation from the desired pressure differential may be sufficient to complete one or the other of the operating circuits through the circuit breaker F and thus cause an operation of the relay G. By simply adjusting the compression of the spring 5|, the pressure differential to be maintained can be'determined, and by adjusting the positioning of screws 14 and 18 the sensitiveness of the instrument may be determined, that is the variations that are permissible from this predetermined differential. No other adjustments are necessary. It will be noted that the pressure operated units B and C are entirely closed, that is there are no jointsto be sealed about moving parts, and the pressure chambers are self-draining so that there will be no hydrostatic heads of liquid to accumulate and influence the fluid pressures exerted on the two diaphragms.

In the modification shown in Fig. 5, the pressure-operated portion of the system comprising the units 13 and C may be the same as already described. The operating lever 46' is modified by forming the lower end thereof with a bracket I I8 in opposite arms of which are mounted the adjustable screws I I9 and I29. The spring-balancing device E operates as before against a bracket arm I2I of lever 46'. At J is indicated a circuitmaker and breaker of the vacuum contact type..

This comprises a. vacuum tube in which are sealed the contact elements I23 and I24 with which the I main circuit wires 94 and 95 are connected. In the upper portion of the tube is sealed a downwardly projecting stem member I25 which carries a contact member I26 projecting between the contacts I23 and I24. A stem I21 projects upwardly from the tube between the adjustable screws I I9 and I29; The upper end portion of the tube is sufficiently flexible to permit the stem structures I25 and I21 to be tilted in one direction or the other when engaged by the screws I I9 and I29 so as to cause the electrical connection between contacts .123, I26 and I24 to bemade or broken. Very little power is required to operate this device. As in the form first described, the sensitiveness of the instrument may be adjusted by properly positioning the screws H9 and I29.

I claim:

' 1. In an electrical controller, a pair of opposed pressure-actuated devices, each device comprising a housing having one open end, and a bellows chamber within the housing and about the diaphragm, means for admitting fluids under pressure to each of the chambers, one chamber being under higher pressure than the other chamber, a stem mounted between the two housings and within the bellows diaphragms and having its ends abutting the closed ends of the two bellows respectively, a movable member connected with and actuated by the stem, an adjustable spring device fixedly mounted at one end and abutting at the other end against the movable member to balance the normal difference in pressure exerted on the two diaphragms, and a circuit controller actuated by movements of the movable member.

2. In an electrical controller, a pair of opposed pressure-actuated devices, each device comprising a housing having one open end, and a bellows diaphragm positioned within the housing and having one closed end and one open end, the open end of thediaphragm being connected with the open end of the housing to form a closed chamber within the housing and about the diaphragm,

means for admitting fluids under pressure to each of the chambers, one chamber being under higher pressure than the other chamber, a stem mounted between the two housings and within the bellows diaphragms and having its ends abutting the closed ends of the two bellows respectively, stops for limiting the movements of the stem and bellows in either direction, a movable member connected with and actuated by the stem, an adjustable spring device fixedly mounted at one end and abutting at the other end against the movable member to balance the normaldiiTerence in pressure exerted on the two diaphragms, and a circuit controller actuated by movements of the movable member.

3. In an electrical controller, a pair of opposedpressure-actuated devices, each device comprising a housing having one open end, and a bellows diaphragm positioned within the housing and having one closed end and one open end, the open end of the diaphragm being connected with the open end of the housing to form a closed chamber within the housing and about the diaphragm, means for admitting fluids under pressure to each of the chambers, one chamber being under higher pressure than the other chamber, a stem mounted between the two housings and within the bellows diaphragms and having its ends abutting the closed ends of the two bellows respectively, a movable member connected with and actuated by the stem, an adjustable spring device fixedly mounted at one end and abutting at the other end against the movable member to balance the normal difference in pressure exerted on the two diaphragms, a movable contact carried by the movable member, and a pair of adjustably fixed contacts positioned to be alternatively engaged by the movable contact.

4. In an electrical controller, a pair of opposed pressure-actuated devices, each device comprising a housing having one open end, and a bellows diaphragm positioned within the housing and having one closed end and one open end, the open endof the diaphragm being connected with the open end of the housing to form a closed chamber within the housing and about the diaphragm, means for admitting fluids under pressure to each of the chambers, one chamber being under higher pressure than the other chamber, a stem mounted between the two housings and within the bellows diaphragms and having its ends abutting the closed ends of the two bellows respectively, a spacing member mounted between the two housings, a lever fulcrumed in the spacing member and pivotally connected with the stem, an adjustable spring device fixedly mounted at one end and engaging the lever at the other end to balance the normal difference in pressure exerted on the two diaphragms, and a circuit controller including a member actuated by the lever.

5. In an electricalcontroller, a pair of opposed pressure-actuated devices, each device comprising a housing having one open end, and a bellows diaphragm positioned within the housing and having one closed end and one open end, the open end of the diaphragm being connected with the open end of the housing to form a closed chamber within the housing and about the diaphragm,

means for admitting fluids under pressure to each of the chambers, one chamber being under higher pressure than the other chamber, a stem mounted between the two housings and within the bellows diaphragms and having its ends abutting the closed ends of the two bellows respectively, a spacing member mounted between the two housings, a lever fulcrumed in the spacing member and pivotally connected with the stem, an adjustable spring device fixedly mounted at one end and engaging the lever at the other end to balance the normal difference in pressure exerted on the two diaphragms, a movable contact carried by the lever, and a pair of adjustably fixed contacts positioned to be alternatively engaged by the movable contact. 3

6. In an electrical controller, a pair of opposed pressure-actuated devices, each device comprising a housing having one open end, and a flexible diaphragm within the housing and closing the open end thereof, a circuit breaker, means interposed between the two diaphragms and actuated by movements of the diaphragms to actuate the circuit breaker, there being a well formed in the bottom of each housing to collect condensate, and downwardly extending pipe connections communicating with the respective wells to transmit fluids under pressure to the housings and to drain out condensate collecting in the wells.

'7. In an electrical controller, a pair of opposed pressure-actuated devices, each device comprising a substantially horizontally extending housing closed at one end and open at the other end and formed with a well in the bottom thereof for collecting condensate, and a bellows diaphragm positioned within the housing and closing the open end thereof, a circuit-breaker, means interposed between the two diaphragms and actuated by movements of the diaphragms to actuate the circult-breaker, and downwardly extending pipe connections communicating with the respective wells to transmit fluids under pressure to the housings and to drain out condensate collecting in the wells.

8. In an electrical controller, a pressure-operated mechanism comprising a pair of similar housings each having one open end, the open ends being opposed to one another, a pair of similar bellows diaphragms positioned one in each hous positioned within and between the two diaphragms and abutting at its ends against the closed-ends of the respective diaphragms, there being guide brackets formed in the spacing member through which intermediate portions of the stem are slidably mounted, a lever intermediately fulcrumed in the spacing member, one arm of the lever being pivotally connected with an intermediate portion of the stem, a spring for balancing the normal difference in pressure exerted on the two diaphragms, an abutment member interposed between one end of the spring and a portion of the lever, a bracket extending from one of the housings, an adjustable abutment means interposed between the bracket and the other end of the spring, and a circuit-controller having a movable member actuated by the lever,

9. In an electrical controller, a pressure-operated mechanism comprising a pair of similar housings each having one open end, the open ends being opposed to one another, a pair of similar bellows diaphragms positioned one in each housing, each diaphragm being closed at one end and having an outwardly projecting annular flange at the other end, a spacing member positioned between the housings and comprising a pair of annular members secured to the open ends of the under higher pressure than the other,. a stem housings, the flanges of,the diaphragms being clamped between the annular members and the housings so as to seal a pair of pressure chambers, one within each housing and about each diaphragm, means for admitting fluids under pressure to the two chambers one chamber being under higher pressure than the other, a stem positioned within and between the two diaphragms and abutting at its ends against the closed ends of the respective diaphragms, there being guide brackets formed in the spacing member through which intermediate portions of the stem are slidably mounted, a lever intermediately fulcrumed in the spacing member, one arm of the lever being pivotally connected with an intermediate portion of the stem, a spring for balancing the normal difference in pressure exerted on the two diaphragms, an abutment member interposed between one end of the spring and a portion of the lever, a bracket extending from one of the housings, an adjustable abutment means interposed between the bracket and the other end of the spring, and a circuit-breaker comprising a contact carried by the lever and a pair of adjustably mounted fixed contacts positioned to be alternatively engagedby the movable contact.

ELLIS G. POWELL. 

